HTML 5

Abstract

This specification evolves HTML and its related APIs to ease the authoring of Web-based applications. Additions include context menus, a direct-mode graphics canvas, a full duplex client-server communication channel, more semantics, audio and video, various features for offline Web applications, sandboxed iframes, and scoped styling. Heavy emphasis is placed on keeping the language backwards compatible with existing legacy user agents and on keeping user agents backwards compatible with existing legacy documents.

Status of this document

This is a work in progress! This document is changing on a daily if not hourly basis in response to comments and as a general part of its development process. Comments are very welcome, please send them to whatwg@whatwg.org. Thank you.

The current focus is in responding to the outstanding feedback. (There is a chart showing current progress.)

Implementors should be aware that this specification is not stable. Implementors who are not taking part in the discussions are likely to find the specification changing out from under them in incompatible ways. Vendors interested in implementing this specification before it eventually reaches the call for implementations should join the WHATWG mailing list and take part in the discussions.

This specification is also being produced by the W3C HTML WG. The two specifications are identical from the table of contents onwards.

This specification is intended to replace (be the new version of) what was previously the HTML4, XHTML 1.x, and DOM2 HTML specifications.

Stability

Different parts of this specification are at different levels of maturity.

Some of the more major known issues are marked like this. There are many other issues that have been raised as well; the issues given in this document are not the only known issues! There are also some spec-wide issues that have not yet been addressed: case-sensitivity is a very poorly handled topic right now, and the firing of events needs to be unified (right now some bubble, some don't, they all use different text to fire events, etc). It would also be nice to unify the rules on downloading content when attributes change (e.g. src attributes) - should they initiate downloads when the element immediately, is inserted in the document, when active scripts end, etc. This matters e.g. if an attribute is set twice in a row (does it hit the network twice).

Table of contents

• 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 Background
  • 1.2 Scope
  • 1.3 Relationships to other specifications
    • 1.3.1 Relationship to HTML 4.01 and DOM2 HTML
    • 1.3.2 Relationship to XHTML 1.x
    • 1.3.3 Relationship to XHTML2
    • 1.3.4 Relationship to Web Forms 2.0 and XForms
    • 1.3.5 Relationship to XUL, Flash, Silverlight, and other proprietary UI languages
  • 1.4 HTML vs XHTML
  • 1.5 Structure of this specification
    • 1.5.1 How to read this specification
    • 1.5.2 Typographic conventions
• 2. Common infrastructure
  • 2.1 Terminology
    • 2.1.1 XML
    • 2.1.2 DOM trees
    • 2.1.3 Scripting
    • 2.1.4 Plugins
  • 2.2 Conformance requirements
    • 2.2.1 Dependencies
    • 2.2.2 Features defined in other specifications
    • 2.2.3 Common conformance requirements for APIs exposed to JavaScript
  • 2.3 URLs
    • 2.3.1 Terminology
    • 2.3.2 Parsing URLs
    • 2.3.3 Resolving URLs
    • 2.3.4 Dynamic changes to base URLs
    • 2.3.5 Interfaces for URL manipulation
  • 2.4 Common microsyntaxes
    • 2.4.1 Common parser idioms
    • 2.4.2 Boolean attributes
    • 2.4.3 Numbers
      • 2.4.3.1. Unsigned integers
      • 2.4.3.2. Signed integers
      • 2.4.3.3. Real numbers
      • 2.4.3.4. Ratios
      • 2.4.3.5. Percentages and dimensions
      • 2.4.3.6. Lists of integers
    • 2.4.4 Dates and times
      • 2.4.4.1. Specific moments in time
      • 2.4.4.2. Vaguer moments in time
    • 2.4.5 Time offsets
    • 2.4.6 Tokens
    • 2.4.7 Keywords and enumerated attributes
    • 2.4.8 References
  • 2.5 Common DOM interfaces
    • 2.5.1 Reflecting content attributes in DOM attributes
    • 2.5.2 Collections
      • 2.5.2.1. HTMLCollection
      • 2.5.2.2. HTMLFormControlsCollection
      • 2.5.2.3. HTMLOptionsCollection
    • 2.5.3 DOMTokenList
    • 2.5.4 DOMStringMap
    • 2.5.5 DOM feature strings
  • 2.6 Fetching resources
  • 2.7 Determining the type of a resource
    • 2.7.1 Content-Type metadata
    • 2.7.2 Content-Type sniffing: Web pages
    • 2.7.3 Content-Type sniffing: text or binary
    • 2.7.4 Content-Type sniffing: unknown type
    • 2.7.5 Content-Type sniffing: image
    • 2.7.6 Content-Type sniffing: feed or HTML
• 3. Semantics and structure of HTML documents
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Documents
    • 3.2.1 Documents in the DOM
    • 3.2.2 Security
    • 3.2.3 Resource metadata management
    • 3.2.4 DOM tree accessors
  • 3.3 Elements
    • 3.3.1 Semantics
    • 3.3.2 Elements in the DOM
    • 3.3.3 Global attributes
      • 3.3.3.1. The id attribute
      • 3.3.3.2. The title attribute
      • 3.3.3.3. The lang (HTML only) and xml:lang (XML only) attributes
      • 3.3.3.4. The xml:base attribute (XML only)
      • 3.3.3.5. The dir attribute
      • 3.3.3.6. The class attribute
      • 3.3.3.7. The style attribute
      • 3.3.3.8. Embedding custom non-visible data
  • 3.4 Content models
    • 3.4.1 Kinds of content
      • 3.4.1.1. Metadata content
      • 3.4.1.2. Flow content
      • 3.4.1.3. Sectioning content
      • 3.4.1.4. Heading content
      • 3.4.1.5. Phrasing content
      • 3.4.1.6. Embedded content
      • 3.4.1.7. Interactive content
    • 3.4.2 Transparent content models
  • 3.5 Paragraphs
  • 3.6 APIs in HTML documents
  • 3.7 Dynamic markup insertion
    • 3.7.1 Controlling the input stream
    • 3.7.2 Dynamic markup insertion in HTML
    • 3.7.3 Dynamic markup insertion in XML
• 4. The elements of HTML
  • 4.1 The root element
    • 4.1.1 The html element
  • 4.2 Document metadata
    • 4.2.1 The head element
    • 4.2.2 The title element
    • 4.2.3 The base element
    • 4.2.4 The link element
    • 4.2.5 The meta element
      • 4.2.5.1. Standard metadata names
      • 4.2.5.2. Other metadata names
      • 4.2.5.3. Pragma directives
      • 4.2.5.4. Specifying the document's character encoding
    • 4.2.6 The style element
    • 4.2.7 Styling
  • 4.3 Sections
    • 4.3.1 The body element
    • 4.3.2 The section element
    • 4.3.3 The nav element
    • 4.3.4 The article element
    • 4.3.5 The aside element
    • 4.3.6 The h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6 elements
    • 4.3.7 The header element
    • 4.3.8 The footer element
    • 4.3.9 The address element
    • 4.3.10 Headings and sections
      • 4.3.10.1. Creating an outline
      • 4.3.10.2. Distinguishing site-wide headings from page headings
  • 4.4 Grouping content
    • 4.4.1 The p element
    • 4.4.2 The hr element
    • 4.4.3 The br element
    • 4.4.4 The pre element
    • 4.4.5 The dialog element
    • 4.4.6 The blockquote element
    • 4.4.7 The ol element
    • 4.4.8 The ul element
    • 4.4.9 The li element
    • 4.4.10 The dl element
    • 4.4.11 The dt element
    • 4.4.12 The dd element
  • 4.5 Text-level semantics
    • 4.5.1 The a element
    • 4.5.2 The q element
    • 4.5.3 The cite element
    • 4.5.4 The em element
    • 4.5.5 The strong element
    • 4.5.6 The small element
    • 4.5.7 The mark element
    • 4.5.8 The dfn element
    • 4.5.9 The abbr element
    • 4.5.10 The time element
    • 4.5.11 The progress element
    • 4.5.12 The meter element
    • 4.5.13 The code element
    • 4.5.14 The var element
    • 4.5.15 The samp element
    • 4.5.16 The kbd element
    • 4.5.17 The sub and sup elements
    • 4.5.18 The span element
    • 4.5.19 The i element
    • 4.5.20 The b element
    • 4.5.21 The bdo element
    • 4.5.22 The ruby element
    • 4.5.23 The rt element
    • 4.5.24 The rp element
    • 4.5.25 Usage summary
    • 4.5.26 Footnotes
  • 4.6 Edits
    • 4.6.1 The ins element
    • 4.6.2 The del element
    • 4.6.3 Attributes common to ins and del elements
    • 4.6.4 Edits and paragraphs
    • 4.6.5 Edits and lists
  • 4.7 Embedded content
    • 4.7.1 The figure element
    • 4.7.2 The img element
    • 4.7.3 The iframe element
    • 4.7.4 The embed element
    • 4.7.5 The object element
    • 4.7.6 The param element
    • 4.7.7 The video element
      • 4.7.7.1. Video and audio codecs for video elements
    • 4.7.8 The audio element
      • 4.7.8.1. Audio codecs for audio elements
    • 4.7.9 The source element
    • 4.7.10 Media elements
      • 4.7.10.1. Error codes
      • 4.7.10.2. Location of the media resource
      • 4.7.10.3. Network states
      • 4.7.10.4. Loading the media resource
      • 4.7.10.5. Offsets into the media resource
      • 4.7.10.6. The ready states
      • 4.7.10.7. Playing the media resource
      • 4.7.10.8. Seeking
      • 4.7.10.9. Cue ranges
      • 4.7.10.10. User interface
      • 4.7.10.11. Time ranges
      • 4.7.10.12. Byte ranges
      • 4.7.10.13. Event summary
      • 4.7.10.14. Security and privacy considerations
    • 4.7.11 The canvas element
      • 4.7.11.1. The 2D context
        • 4.7.11.1.1. The canvas state
        • 4.7.11.1.2. Transformations
        • 4.7.11.1.3. Compositing
        • 4.7.11.1.4. Colors and styles
        • 4.7.11.1.5. Line styles
        • 4.7.11.1.6. Shadows
        • 4.7.11.1.7. Simple shapes (rectangles)
        • 4.7.11.1.8. Complex shapes (paths)
        • 4.7.11.1.9. Text
        • 4.7.11.1.10. Images
        • 4.7.11.1.11. Pixel manipulation
        • 4.7.11.1.12. Drawing model
      • 4.7.11.2. Color spaces and color correction
      • 4.7.11.3. Security with canvas elements
    • 4.7.12 The map element
    • 4.7.13 The area element
    • 4.7.14 Image maps
    • 4.7.15 MathML
    • 4.7.16 SVG
    • 4.7.17 Dimension attributes
  • 4.8 Tabular data
    • 4.8.1 Introduction
    • 4.8.2 The table element
    • 4.8.3 The caption element
    • 4.8.4 The colgroup element
    • 4.8.5 The col element
    • 4.8.6 The tbody element
    • 4.8.7 The thead element
    • 4.8.8 The tfoot element
    • 4.8.9 The tr element
    • 4.8.10 The td element
    • 4.8.11 The th element
    • 4.8.12 Attributes common to td and th elements
    • 4.8.13 Processing model
      • 4.8.13.1. Forming a table
      • 4.8.13.2. Forming relationships between data cells and header cells
  • 4.9 Forms
    • 4.9.1 The form element
    • 4.9.2 The fieldset element
    • 4.9.3 The input element
    • 4.9.4 The button element
    • 4.9.5 The label element
    • 4.9.6 The select element
    • 4.9.7 The datalist element
    • 4.9.8 The optgroup element
    • 4.9.9 The option element
    • 4.9.10 Constructors
    • 4.9.11 The textarea element
    • 4.9.12 The output element
    • 4.9.13 Processing model
      • 4.9.13.1. Form submission
  • 4.10 Scripting
    • 4.10.1 The script element
      • 4.10.1.1. Scripting languages
    • 4.10.2 The noscript element
    • 4.10.3 The eventsource element
  • 4.11 Interactive elements
    • 4.11.1 The details element
    • 4.11.2 The datagrid element
      • 4.11.2.1. The datagrid data model
      • 4.11.2.2. How rows are identified
      • 4.11.2.3. The data provider interface
      • 4.11.2.4. The default data provider
        • 4.11.2.4.1. Common default data provider method definitions for cells
      • 4.11.2.5. Populating the datagrid element
      • 4.11.2.6. Updating the datagrid
      • 4.11.2.7. Requirements for interactive user agents
      • 4.11.2.8. The selection
      • 4.11.2.9. Columns and captions
    • 4.11.3 The command element
    • 4.11.4 The bb element
      • 4.11.4.1. Browser button types
        • 4.11.4.1.1. The make application state
    • 4.11.5 The menu element
      • 4.11.5.1. Introduction
      • 4.11.5.2. Building menus and tool bars
      • 4.11.5.3. Context menus
      • 4.11.5.4. Toolbars
    • 4.11.6 Commands
      • 4.11.6.1. Using the a element to define a command
      • 4.11.6.2. Using the button element to define a command
      • 4.11.6.3. Using the input element to define a command
      • 4.11.6.4. Using the option element to define a command
      • 4.11.6.5. Using the command element to define a command
      • 4.11.6.6. Using the bb element to define a command
  • 4.12 Data Templates
    • 4.12.1 Introduction
    • 4.12.2 The datatemplate element
    • 4.12.3 The rule element
    • 4.12.4 The nest element
    • 4.12.5 Global attributes for data templates
    • 4.12.6 Processing model
      • 4.12.6.1. The originalContent DOM attribute
      • 4.12.6.2. The template attribute
      • 4.12.6.3. The ref attribute
      • 4.12.6.4. The NodeDataTemplate interface
      • 4.12.6.5. Mutations
      • 4.12.6.6. Updating the generated content
  • 4.13 Miscellaneous elements
    • 4.13.1 The legend element
    • 4.13.2 The div element
• 5. Web browsers
  • 5.1 Browsing contexts
    • 5.1.1 Nested browsing contexts
    • 5.1.2 Auxiliary browsing contexts
    • 5.1.3 Secondary browsing contexts
    • 5.1.4 Security
    • 5.1.5 Threads
    • 5.1.6 Browsing context names
  • 5.2 The default view
    • 5.2.1 Security
    • 5.2.2 APIs for creating and navigating browsing contexts by name
    • 5.2.3 Accessing other browsing contexts
  • 5.3 Origin
    • 5.3.1 Relaxing the same-origin restriction
  • 5.4 Scripting
    • 5.4.1 Script execution contexts
    • 5.4.2 Security exceptions
    • 5.4.3 The javascript: protocol
    • 5.4.4 Events
      • 5.4.4.1. Event handler attributes
      • 5.4.4.2. Event firing
      • 5.4.4.3. Events and the Window object
      • 5.4.4.4. Runtime script errors
  • 5.5 User prompts
    • 5.5.1 Simple dialogs
    • 5.5.2 Printing
    • 5.5.3 Dialogs implemented using separate documents
    • 5.5.4 Notifications
  • 5.6 Browser state
    • 5.6.1 Custom protocol and content handlers
      • 5.6.1.1. Security and privacy
      • 5.6.1.2. Sample user interface
  • 5.7 Offline Web applications
    • 5.7.1 Introduction
    • 5.7.2 Application caches
    • 5.7.3 The cache manifest syntax
      • 5.7.3.1. Writing cache manifests
      • 5.7.3.2. Parsing cache manifests
    • 5.7.4 Updating an application cache
    • 5.7.5 Processing model
      • 5.7.5.1. Changes to the networking model
    • 5.7.6 Application cache API
    • 5.7.7 Browser state
  • 5.8 Session history and navigation
    • 5.8.1 The session history of browsing contexts
    • 5.8.2 The History interface
    • 5.8.3 Activating state object entries
    • 5.8.4 The Location interface
      • 5.8.4.1. Security
    • 5.8.5 Implementation notes for session history
  • 5.9 Browsing the Web
    • 5.9.1 Navigating across documents
    • 5.9.2 Page load processing model for HTML files
    • 5.9.3 Page load processing model for XML files
    • 5.9.4 Page load processing model for text files
    • 5.9.5 Page load processing model for images
    • 5.9.6 Page load processing model for content that uses plugins
    • 5.9.7 Page load processing model for inline content that doesn't have a DOM
    • 5.9.8 Navigating to a fragment identifier
    • 5.9.9 History traversal
    • 5.9.10 Closing a browsing context
  • 5.10 Structured client-side storage
    • 5.10.1 Storing name/value pairs
      • 5.10.1.1. Introduction
      • 5.10.1.2. The Storage interface
      • 5.10.1.3. The sessionStorage attribute
      • 5.10.1.4. The localStorage attribute
      • 5.10.1.5. The storage event
        • 5.10.1.5.1. Event definition
      • 5.10.1.6. Threads
    • 5.10.2 Database storage
      • 5.10.2.1. Introduction
      • 5.10.2.2. Databases
      • 5.10.2.3. Executing SQL statements
      • 5.10.2.4. Database query results
      • 5.10.2.5. Errors
      • 5.10.2.6. Processing model
    • 5.10.3 Disk space
    • 5.10.4 Privacy
      • 5.10.4.1. User tracking
      • 5.10.4.2. Cookie resurrection
    • 5.10.5 Security
      • 5.10.5.1. DNS spoofing attacks
      • 5.10.5.2. Cross-directory attacks
      • 5.10.5.3. Implementation risks
      • 5.10.5.4. SQL and user agents
      • 5.10.5.5. SQL injection
  • 5.11 Links
    • 5.11.1 Hyperlink elements
    • 5.11.2 Following hyperlinks
      • 5.11.2.1. Hyperlink auditing
    • 5.11.3 Link types
      • 5.11.3.1. Link type "alternate"
      • 5.11.3.2. Link type "archives"
      • 5.11.3.3. Link type "author"
      • 5.11.3.4. Link type "bookmark"
      • 5.11.3.5. Link type "external"
      • 5.11.3.6. Link type "feed"
      • 5.11.3.7. Link type "help"
      • 5.11.3.8. Link type "icon"
      • 5.11.3.9. Link type "license"
      • 5.11.3.10. Link type "nofollow"
      • 5.11.3.11. Link type "noreferrer"
      • 5.11.3.12. Link type "pingback"
      • 5.11.3.13. Link type "prefetch"
      • 5.11.3.14. Link type "search"
      • 5.11.3.15. Link type "stylesheet"
      • 5.11.3.16. Link type "sidebar"
      • 5.11.3.17. Link type "tag"
      • 5.11.3.18. Hierarchical link types
        • 5.11.3.18.1. Link type "index"
        • 5.11.3.18.2. Link type "up"
      • 5.11.3.19. Sequential link types
        • 5.11.3.19.1. Link type "first"
        • 5.11.3.19.2. Link type "last"
        • 5.11.3.19.3. Link type "next"
        • 5.11.3.19.4. Link type "prev"
      • 5.11.3.20. Other link types
• 6. User Interaction
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 The irrelevant attribute
  • 6.3 Activation
  • 6.4 Scrolling elements into view
  • 6.5 Focus
    • 6.5.1 Focus management
    • 6.5.2 Sequential focus navigation
  • 6.6 The text selection APIs
    • 6.6.1 APIs for the browsing context selection
    • 6.6.2 APIs for the text field selections
  • 6.7 The contenteditable attribute
    • 6.7.1 User editing actions
    • 6.7.2 Making entire documents editable
  • 6.8 Drag and drop
    • 6.8.1 Introduction
    • 6.8.2 The DragEvent and DataTransfer interfaces
    • 6.8.3 Events fired during a drag-and-drop action
    • 6.8.4 Drag-and-drop processing model
      • 6.8.4.1. When the drag-and-drop operation starts or ends in another document
      • 6.8.4.2. When the drag-and-drop operation starts or ends in another application
    • 6.8.5 The draggable attribute
    • 6.8.6 Copy and paste
      • 6.8.6.1. Copy to clipboard
      • 6.8.6.2. Cut to clipboard
      • 6.8.6.3. Paste from clipboard
      • 6.8.6.4. Paste from selection
    • 6.8.7 Security risks in the drag-and-drop model
  • 6.9 Undo history
    • 6.9.1 The UndoManager interface
    • 6.9.2 Undo: moving back in the undo transaction history
    • 6.9.3 Redo: moving forward in the undo transaction history
    • 6.9.4 The UndoManagerEvent interface and the undo and redo events
    • 6.9.5 Implementation notes
  • 6.10 Command APIs
• 7. Communication
  • 7.1 Event definitions
  • 7.2 Server-sent events
    • 7.2.1 The RemoteEventTarget interface
    • 7.2.2 Connecting to an event stream
    • 7.2.3 Parsing an event stream
    • 7.2.4 Interpreting an event stream
    • 7.2.5 Notes
  • 7.3 Web sockets
    • 7.3.1 Introduction
    • 7.3.2 The WebSocket interface
    • 7.3.3 WebSocket Events
    • 7.3.4 The Web Socket protocol
      • 7.3.4.1. Client-side requirements
        • 7.3.4.1.1. Handshake
        • 7.3.4.1.2. Data framing
      • 7.3.4.2. Server-side requirements
        • 7.3.4.2.1. Minimal handshake
        • 7.3.4.2.2. Handshake details
        • 7.3.4.2.3. Data framing
      • 7.3.4.3. Closing the connection
  • 7.4 Cross-document messaging
    • 7.4.1 Introduction
    • 7.4.2 Security
      • 7.4.2.1. Authors
      • 7.4.2.2. User agents
    • 7.4.3 Posting text
    • 7.4.4 Posting message ports
    • 7.4.5 Posting structured data
  • 7.5 Channel messaging
    • 7.5.1 Introduction
    • 7.5.2 Message channels
    • 7.5.3 Message ports
      • 7.5.3.1. Ports and browsing contexts
      • 7.5.3.2. Ports and garbage collection
• 8. The HTML syntax
  • 8.1 Writing HTML documents
    • 8.1.1 The DOCTYPE
    • 8.1.2 Elements
      • 8.1.2.1. Start tags
      • 8.1.2.2. End tags
      • 8.1.2.3. Attributes
      • 8.1.2.4. Optional tags
      • 8.1.2.5. Restrictions on content models
      • 8.1.2.6. Restrictions on the contents of CDATA and RCDATA elements
    • 8.1.3 Text
      • 8.1.3.1. Newlines
    • 8.1.4 Character references
    • 8.1.5 CDATA sections
    • 8.1.6 Comments
  • 8.2 Parsing HTML documents
    • 8.2.1 Overview of the parsing model
    • 8.2.2 The input stream
      • 8.2.2.1. Determining the character encoding
      • 8.2.2.2. Character encoding requirements
      • 8.2.2.3. Preprocessing the input stream
      • 8.2.2.4. Changing the encoding while parsing
    • 8.2.3 Parse state
      • 8.2.3.1. The insertion mode
      • 8.2.3.2. The stack of open elements
      • 8.2.3.3. The list of active formatting elements
      • 8.2.3.4. The element pointers
      • 8.2.3.5. The scripting state
    • 8.2.4 Tokenization
      • 8.2.4.1. Data state
      • 8.2.4.2. Character reference data state
      • 8.2.4.3. Tag open state
      • 8.2.4.4. Close tag open state
      • 8.2.4.5. Tag name state
      • 8.2.4.6. Before attribute name state
      • 8.2.4.7. Attribute name state
      • 8.2.4.8. After attribute name state
      • 8.2.4.9. Before attribute value state
      • 8.2.4.10. Attribute value (double-quoted) state
      • 8.2.4.11. Attribute value (single-quoted) state
      • 8.2.4.12. Attribute value (unquoted) state
      • 8.2.4.13. Character reference in attribute value state
      • 8.2.4.14. After attribute value (quoted) state
      • 8.2.4.15. Self-closing start tag state
      • 8.2.4.16. Bogus comment state
      • 8.2.4.17. Markup declaration open state
      • 8.2.4.18. Comment start state
      • 8.2.4.19. Comment start dash state
      • 8.2.4.20. Comment state
      • 8.2.4.21. Comment end dash state
      • 8.2.4.22. Comment end state
      • 8.2.4.23. DOCTYPE state
      • 8.2.4.24. Before DOCTYPE name state
      • 8.2.4.25. DOCTYPE name state
      • 8.2.4.26. After DOCTYPE name state
      • 8.2.4.27. Before DOCTYPE public identifier state
      • 8.2.4.28. DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state
      • 8.2.4.29. DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state
      • 8.2.4.30. After DOCTYPE public identifier state
      • 8.2.4.31. Before DOCTYPE system identifier state
      • 8.2.4.32. DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state
      • 8.2.4.33. DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state
      • 8.2.4.34. After DOCTYPE system identifier state
      • 8.2.4.35. Bogus DOCTYPE state
      • 8.2.4.36. CDATA section state
      • 8.2.4.37. Tokenizing character references
    • 8.2.5 Tree construction
      • 8.2.5.1. Creating and inserting elements
      • 8.2.5.2. Closing elements that have implied end tags
      • 8.2.5.3. Foster parenting
      • 8.2.5.4. The "initial" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.5. The "before html" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.6. The "before head" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.7. The "in head" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.8. The "in head noscript" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.9. The "after head" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.10. The "in body" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.11. The "in table" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.12. The "in caption" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.13. The "in column group" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.14. The "in table body" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.15. The "in row" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.16. The "in cell" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.17. The "in select" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.18. The "in select in table" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.19. The "in foreign content" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.20. The "after body" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.21. The "in frameset" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.22. The "after frameset" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.23. The "after after body" insertion mode
      • 8.2.5.24. The "after after frameset" insertion mode
    • 8.2.6 The end
    • 8.2.7 Coercing an HTML DOM into an infoset
  • 8.3 Namespaces
  • 8.4 Serializing HTML fragments
  • 8.5 Parsing HTML fragments
  • 8.6 Named character references
• 9. Rendering and user-agent behavior
  • 9.1 Rendering and the DOM
  • 9.2 Rendering and menus/toolbars
    • 9.2.1 The 'icon' property
  • 9.3 Obsolete elements, attributes, and APIs
    • 9.3.1 The body element
    • 9.3.2 The applet element
• 10. Things that you can't do with this specification because they are better handled using other technologies that are further described herein
  • 10.1 Localization
  • 10.2 Declarative 2D vector graphics and animation
  • 10.3 Declarative 3D scenes
  • 10.4 Timers
• Index
• References
• Acknowledgements